E-learning in health profession

Chapter ONE Introductionwellness captains argon working in a engineering goaded workplace, there are high come inlooks that nurses develop accomplishments in training and communicating engineerings ( ICT ) ( Connecting for Health, 2008 ) . E- discipline has a important function to play in the future tense way of nurse CPD indoors the administration, with restraints on support for stave development activities ( Rivers, 2007 ) , unitedly with the increased publicity of ego directed larning within CPD activities and an addition in digitised resources being made procurable on-line via inter and intranet, probe into this coun encounter heed of master development within the administration is indispensable. attached the demands for an IT literate work force within the NHS the writer considers e- schooling to be a valuable medium for CPD activities and recognised a demand for farther geographic excursion in this country of go oning pattern development.The Nursing and Midwife ry Council ( NMC ) require nurses to continually update themselves through CPD, normally referred to as PREP ( Post Registration Education and Practice ) ( NMC, 2008b ) . This poses a peculiar challenge in today s workplace where there are fewer financess available to triumph into the demands of the diverse scope of staff development required, budgets are often set aside to supply little other than the needed preparation and as a consequence nurses frequently perceive the demand to self fund non compulsory CPD activities ( Rivers, 2007 ) . Additionally nurses besides face the challenge of threaten clip to update, being released from pattern is frequently a challenge these challenges were recognised by Bahn ( 2007 ) in her travel along into nurse orientation towards prosecuting in formal and daily science within go oning instruction and womb-to-tomb acquisition. Sing entree to e-Learning in the workplace, Wright & A Bingham presend several barriers work force reserve t o the economic consumption of ICT for larning, combined with deficiency of basic ICT accomplishments, the restrictions of local IT infrastructures, and deficiency of staff clip to set about acquisition ( 2008,4-5 ) . They go on to province that the deficiency of accomplishments and aptitude to develop and pre move e-Learning and mingle acquisition ( larning comprised of a combination of traditional and e-Learning bangs ( JISC no day of the calendar month ) ) is a farther important barrier within about every administration they visual senseed.The publication of the National Framework For Lifelong Learning ( DH 2001 ) and subsequently the development of the scheme Supporting Best Practice in e-Learning across the NHS ( National Workforce Group, 2005 ) work together to determine the development of C & A IT expertness within the NHS work force the National architectural plan for selective info Technology ( NPfIT ) delivered through local execution by Strategic Health Authorit ies ( SHA ) ( Connecting for Health, 2008 ) and consequences of the E-Learning Scoping Exercise for NHS South Central part ( Wright & A Bingham, 2008 ) are expected to further back up the livery of NHS Improvement Plan and the Standards for Health through more effectual preparation and development advancement at a local degree. on that point has been significant investing in increasing the proviso and handiness of IT resources to back up work establish larning & A CPD. legion(predicate) collaborative undertakings saw the outgrowth of resources developed by the former NHS University ( NHSU ) , abolished in 2005, whose purposes were to make and better chances for larning make high quality larning environments, and lead look into into future larning demands. This developed into NHS Institute for Learning, Skills and Innovation ( DH 2005 ) , and subsequently NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement. The center field Learning wholes ( CLU ) developed under the NHSU were tape transportred to the Skills for Health administration and hosted within the NHS Core Learning Unit web site ( CLU, 2008 ) .Concurrently there has been apparent growing and development within the National Library for Health ( NLH ) which in April 2009 was conveyred NHS yard and rebranded The NHS Evidence Health selective information Resources ( NICE, 2008 ) with an increased proviso of e-books, and on-line diaries, together with increasing handiness of staff development resources within organizational Intranet or practical acquisition environments including digitised schooling sates, pictures, CD-ROM and audio files often delivered online via Internet synchronised with Learner Management Systems ( LMS ) for monitoring and entering staff development activities.Research into e-Learning has increased in recent old ages with a turning figure of studies concent judge on developments within Higher Education Institutions ( HEIs ) viz. Higher Education Funding Council for England ( HEFC E ) ( 2005 ) , JISC ( 2007 ) , Sharpe et Al ( 2006 ) , Waite & A Bingham ( 2008 ) and developments concentrating on implementing e-Learning within the NHS examined by Farrell ( 2006 ) , Gill ( 2007 ) , National Workforce Group ( NWG ) ( 2005 ) and Wright & A Bingham ( 2008 ) the discloseings and recommendations from these publications allow for be considered within the design and execution of the look for undertaking.Given the demands within the NHS for an IT literate work force, from the grounds presented, e-Learning proposes to be a potentially valuable medium to heighten CPD activities. Locally it is recognised that farther geographic expedition of the factors that influence the determinations of larning disablement nurses integrating of e-Learning into their CPD is needed.PremisesThis survey assumes that e-Learning ( definition, see appendix 1 ) poses a important advantage in supplying nurses with the chance to run into Continuing original Development ( CPD ) ( definition , see appendix 1 ) demands in a more flexible manner than through the more traditional contexts i.e. campus based face-to-face bringing, entirely. Flexible acquisition and bringing were recognised by Sandars who stated that e-Learning has tremendous potency, he predicted that progresss in engineering would let rapid entree to high-quality resources, twain on- and offline, from work and place, and at a clip and gait to accommodate the person ( 20033 ) . Ease of entree is still a cardinal constituent for the mastery of e-Learning for professional development. The Martini gimmick phrase is still apparent today with any clip, anyplace, and any gait acquisition ( JISC ( Joint Information Systems Committee ) 2008 ) . With this flexibleness there is besides the possible to convey together the traditional contexts with e-Learning to supply a richer learning experience normally this is referred to as Blended Learning ( Sharpe et al, 2006 ) . Flexibility is genius of the cardinal adv antages of e-Learning recognised by the National Workforce Group ( NWG ) and Department of Health ( DH ) ( 2006 ) who recognised the value of investing in workforce instruction delivered through e-Learning to back up the modernization of the NHS and the on-going development of its work force.Research inquiryWhat factors influence the personal determinations of larning disablement nurses to incorporate e-Learning into their Continuing Professional Development ( CPD ) activities?The survey aimed to place and look into factors which encourage and support the comprehension of e-Learning within CPD activities and factors which discourage and suppress the inclusion of e-Learning within CPD activities.Recommendations and findings of the survey seek to inform the development and bringing of CPD activities within the Ridgeway partnership ( Oxfordshire Learning Disability NHS combining ) .Structure of the surveyChapter one, presents the survey focal point, placing influences from nationa l authorities the professional organic structure for Nurses and Midwives rehearsing in the United Kingdom ( UK ) the Nursing and Midwifery Council ( NMC ) and influences from the Department of Health ( DH ) the National Health Service ( NHS ) and societal policy issues.Background information is so presented followed by a principle for set abouting the survey. The research inquiry is presented together with the purposes and aims for the survey, basically these guide the whole undertaking.In chapter two, contains the books reappraisal. Existing literature refering to the subjects of E-Learning, Continuing Professional Development ( CPD ) and Learning Disability Nurses.Chapter Three, presents the methodological abstract and methods of the survey, researching the philosophical constructs that inform the overall attack of the thesis showing the theoretical stupefy, design of the survey and relate ethical issues.Ethical motives Committee blessing was sought for the survey, the mor alss proposal procedure leave be presented and explored. Finally the methods of the survey provide be presented and discussed.The consequences of the survey are presented in Chapter Four, accompanied by informations analysis.Chapter five nowadayss a treatment of the salient points which emerged from the analysis of the consequences.Chapter six offers the decisions drawn from the treatments with cardinal findings of the undertaking. Recommendations for alterations in pattern associating to e-Learning and CPD activities are entrust frontward. A contemplation on the experience of carry oning this survey using the brooding model of ( Reference ) brings the thesis to an terminal.Chapter Two LITERATURE REVIEWWhile transporting out the literature reappraisal it became evident that there is a deficiency of published work associating to the experiences of larning disablement nurses engaging in Continuing Professional Development ( CPD ) activities likewise there is a deficiency of publi shed work concentrating on larning disablement nurses prosecuting in e-Learning.Structure how I under took the lit reappraisalChapter Three METHODOLOGY AND METHODSThe research inquiry requires the premises about nurses engagement in eLearning within CPD activities be explored. A survey to supply such replies would necessitate an geographic expedition of the ideas and experiences of nurses be aftering and prosecuting with CPD activities hence a qualitative attack leading be adopted for this survey. Qualitative research permits an geographic expedition of the lived experience and is viewed through the eyes of the someone under survey ( Bryman, 2004 ) . The survey depart use an inductive, descriptive methodological analysis comprising of facets from both phenomenological and ethnographic attacks. Harmonizing to Creswell ( 2007 ) these are most appropriate attacks to see when analyzing experiences as lived by the survey role players. To accomplish this it is necessary that that the experiences of nurses prosecuting in CPD activities are collected, described and so analysed before decisions are drawn. Therefore a assorted attack has been selected as it appears to be the most appropriate in doing the survey inquiry.Theoretical positionA qualitative design has been selected for the survey as it is extremely worthy to researching the lived experiences of the participants to find which factors influence them when be aftering their CPD activities. The survey asked participants to portion their ideas and experiences to detect any possible barriers or restraints they have encountered when be aftering within CPD activities through single converse it leave behind place which factors discourage and suppress the inclusion of eLearning within CPD activities and which encourage and back up the inclusion of eLearning within CPD activities. Thematic analysis forget set up subjects from which actions cane be identified for service development.Paradigm The paradigm o f the survey consists of the followers the ontological position is relativist, the writer believes that there is no individual reply to the challenge, the result is dependent on context and is different among persons. The epistemic position is subjectivist, it would be hard to be nonsubjective in such a research undertaking as the writer has an established and seeable presence in larning & A learning in peculiar in e-learning in their employing administration, it is indispensable that this is interpreted into consideration as it may act upon upon the research undertaking and the methodological position is hermeneutic.MethodologyThe survey is interview based and give use an inductive, descriptive methodological analysis seeking the experiences of larning disablement nurses prosecuting in CPD activities.The survey focuses on the experiences of registered larning disablement nurses, employed in a particular NHS deposit in England, UK. The inclusion standard is deliberately great t o promise nurses from any country of the Trust could carry away part. It is besides of import to roll up the positions of nurses who have non yet engage in CPD activities utilizing e-Learning every bit good as those who have. Therefore for matter-of-fact grounds purposive sampling was employed.Purposive sampling ( Polit & A Hungler, 1999 284 ) was utilised to try to happen a more closely defined group for whom the research inquiry allow be important. Polkinghorne ( 1989 ) and Ryan & A Bernard ( 2003 ) advocator that trying continues until theoretical fertilization has been benefited. This is advocated by Guest et Al ( 2006 ) who identifies in wellness scientific discipline research, that impregnation has become the gold criterion by which purposive sample sizes are determined. It was hence of import to guarantee that a fitting Numberss of participants are recruited to supply the volume of day of the month required to make theoretical impregnation and continue manageable within the clip graduated table of the survey. A sample size of six has been chosen for this survey, this figure is suggested by Polkinghorne ( 1989 ) as a suited figure for informations compendium via interviews.Figure 1 Outline of the methodological analysis.Draft survey/ interview agenda ( unfastened and closed inquiries ) Informal testing Revise excite of exchange survey/ interview agenda Pre-test revised bill of exchange utilizing interviews Revise written report once more Carry out chief informations aggregation interviews Transcribe interviews Send to participants for respondent proof Code informations and fix informations files Analyse informations and write canvass.( Based on Robson 2002229 ) .A Trust decision shaping machine will direct a letter ask foring engagement in the survey to each first degree, registered Learning Disability Nurse employed within the Ridgeway Partnership ( Oxfordshire Learning Disability NHS Trust ) .The invitation will include an lineation of the survey placing purposes and aims and time-scale and demands on participants. The participant information sheet and answer simulated pas will be sent as enclosures to the invitation missive, they will be asked to return their effected answer faux pas. Correspondence will be sent via the Trust internal postal system, respondents will be provided with a return ego addressed windbag for their usage.If the full sample has non been recruited within four hebdomads so a 2nd invitation to take part will be extended via the Trust Nurses Newsletter . This is a bi-monthly electronic newssheet produced within the Trust and sent by a Trust decision maker via electronic mail to all registered nurses. Potential participants will be invited to reach Jill Pawlyn for more information on the undertaking and to bespeak the participant information sheet.Inquirers will be sent a transcript of the participant information sheet and answer faux pas, they will be asked to return their make loved a nswer faux pas. Correspondence will be sent via the internal postal system, respondents will be provided with a return ego addressed envelope for their usage.Follow up letters will be sent two hebdomads after reacting to the initial question. If no response received so the participant will non be contacted once more. Participants who complete and return the answer faux pas will be invited to go to an single interview.Although the focal point of the survey is on e-Learning activities, the initial invitation to take part is non being made electronically as this would instantly curtail the sample to participants who have a work electronic mail interview and are users of engineering at work.Interviews will be structured utilizing the interview agenda participants will be asked a series of inquiries to garner an history of their experience.To guarantee an accurate record of the interview is captured interviews will be audio recorded.Interviews will be conducted at a clip and workplace location which is most satisfied to the participants, ideally an interview room on one of the three chief Trust sites ( Oxford, Marlborough & A Aylesbury ) which is near to the participants work base, is physically accessible and affords a ample degree of privateness to guarantee the participant can talk freely during the interview. Jill Pawlyn will guarantee suited suites are booked for each interview.Interview notes will be transcribed into direct accounts , a transcript of the transcript will be sent to interview participants for respondent proof .Data analysis will be conducted utilizing quantitative and qualitative attacks consisting of both thematic and descriptive analysis.Data analysis will get down on reception of the returned transcripts. Data analysis will be aided utilizing NVivo, this software program can manage big sums of informations rapidly, and it helps the development of consistent coding strategies and provides individual location storage for all informatio ns and stuff for the undertaking.Data will be analysed utilizing thematic analysis, informations within the interview transcripts will be given codifications, extra remarks and contemplations will be noted utilizing memos similar occur phrases, subjects, experiences etc will be sought.From the forms generated from the informations a set of generalisations will so be developed these generalizations will be discussed and reported on in the think study ( Adapted from Miles & A Huberman, 1994 9 ) .Chief inclusion and exclusion standards.Inclusion standard First degree, registered learning disablement nurses employed in Ridgeway Partnership ( Oxfordshire Learning Disability NHS Trust ) , and of this group the first six who express involvement.Exclusion standard employees of Ridgeway Partnership ( Oxfordshire Learning Disability NHS Trust ) , who are non first degree, registered learning disablement nurses the research workers line director and those nurses to whom the research wo rker provides clinical supervising.No exclusions will be made on the footing of age, disablement, gender, race, cultural arising or nationality, faith or belief, or sexual orientation.sample size for the research? How many participants/samples/data records do you be after to analyze in entire?Sample size six nurses drawn from a population of 150 nurses within one NHS Trust.Participants are all rehearsing nurses in the UK. Written communication theory within the trust are in English.How was the sample size decided upon? If a formal sample size computation was used, bespeak how this was done, giving sufficient information to warrant and reproduce the computation.The survey focuses on the experiences of registered nurses, employed in a particular NHS Trust in England, UK.The inclusion standard is deliberately wide to guarantee nurses from any country of the Trust could take part for matter-of-fact grounds purposive sampling is being employed.What are the possible hazards and loads f or research participants and how will you understate them?There are no hazards or other obvious disadvantages from taking portion.There is a demand for participants to perpetrate clip to take part in the informations aggregation and look intoing the interview transcripts, across the continuance of the survey this should non transcend 1 1/2 hours in entire.To understate the hazard of incommodiousness take parting in the survey, interviews will be held in Trust locations as near to the participants work base as possible and at a clip which is reciprocally convenient to the participant and research worker.No hazard to self esteem originating from the interview, inquiries are non invasive.potency for benefit to research participants?There are no direct benefits to taking portion, although engagement will supply participants with an chance for personal contemplation through which they may derive penetrations into their ain acquisition penchants and place countries for future CPD actions .By take parting in this survey persons will assist us to understand how better to plan and back up CPD activities delivered via e-Learning within the Trust.How and by whom will potential participants, records or samples be identified?A Trust decision maker will direct a missive ask foring engagement in the survey to each first degree, registered Learning Disability Nurse employed within the Ridgeway partnership ( Oxfordshire Learning Disability NHS Trust ) .Confidentiality of the information provided by participants can precisely be protected within the restrictions of the jurisprudence. Participant individualities will be protected through de-identification , participants will be given an single unique placing codification which will be know merely to Jill Pawlyn. Personal information and the identifying codifications will be held individually and be stored in a secure location.Identities of participants will be held in assurance from other members of staff in the Trust. To mak e this, informations will be de-identified before it is analysed and in the concluding study participants will be referred to by a anonym.No personally placing information will be presented in the concluding study.The information will be kept firmly in the Trust, for two old ages from the day of the month of completion, before being destroyed.How and by whom will potential participants foremost be approached?Initial attack will be via a missive ask foring engagement in the survey. This will be sent by a Trust decision maker to each nurse employed within the Trust. The invitation will include an lineation of the survey placing purposes and aims and time-scale and demands on participants. The participant information sheet and answer faux pas will be sent as enclosures to the invitation missive, they will be asked to return their completed answer faux pas.The follow-up invitation will be achieved via the Nurses Newsletter . The decision maker to the Director for Performance, Informat ion and Nursing compiles and distributes the Nurses Newsletter, every two months. Distribution is via the trust electronic mail and internal station systems. Potential participants will be invited to reach Jill Pawlyn to bespeak farther information about the survey or to bespeak a transcript of the participant information sheet.Invitation letters will be sent to Nurses by a Trust decision maker who has entree to the database of registered nurses. On question, possible participants will be asked to supply personal information for future understanding within the answer faux pas giving name, work reference, email reference and work phone figure.A follow up invitation to take part in the survey will be included in the Trust Nurses Newsletter , the invitation will include an lineation of the survey placing purposes and aims and time-scale and demands on participants.ConsentPotential participants will be sent a transcript of the participant information sheet and answer faux pas, they w ill be asked to return their completed answer faux pas.Correspondence will be sent via the internal postal system, respondents will be provided with a return ego addressed envelope for their usage.Follow up invitations will be sent two hebdomads after reacting to the initial question.If no response received so the participant will non be contacted once more. Participants who complete and return the answer faux pas will be invited to go to an single interview.At the start of the interview Jill Pawlyn will corroborate inside informations of the Participant Information Sheet with the participant, supplying an chance to inquire any farther inquiries they may asseverate. The consent signifier will be issued and the participant will be asked to digest the signifier to mean consent to take part.The participant will be given a transcript of their signed consent signifier for their records. The interview will get down.Should any participant diminution to consent, they will thanked for thei r attending.Participants will enter consent on a consent signifier. Consent received will be recorded in the survey records.guarantee the confidentiality of personal informations?Participants will be given an single unique placing codification which will be know merely to Jill Pawlyn. Participant name and work contact inside informations will be kept in an encrypted password-protected computing machine file held individually from any informations supplied during interview and audio recording accessible merely by Jill Pawlyn.Identities of participants will be held in assurance from other members of staff in the Trust. Data will be de-identified before it is analysed and in the concluding study, participants will be referred to by a anonym. No mention to personally placing information will be presented in the concluding study.Relationships between research worker and participantsThere are personal relationships in the administration patronizing the surveyThe main research worker ( Ma rion Waite ) is an employee of Oxford Brookes University, the patronizing HEI. another(prenominal) research worker ( Jill Pawlyn ) who at the clip of get downing the syudy was an employee of the Ridgeway Partnership ( Oxfordshire Learning Disability NHS Trust ) , the site of probe and a parttime pupil at Oxford Brookes University, the research worker is besides sub contracted as a portion clip employee of Oxford Brookes University.inform participants of the consequences?Findingss will be disseminated separately to participants and more widely through the Nurses Forum to Trust stakeholders in the signifier of an unwritten presentation and paper Presentation and study to the Trust R & A D military commission Presentation at relevant conference Publication of findings in relevant diary or text book The undertaking study will be located in the Trust Library and Intranet as a mention resource A transcript of the concluding thesis is retained in the University program library for me ntion.SampleEntree to data/sampleData aggregationDatas analysisData will be analysed utilizing a thematic attack, theme designation will be achieved using the techniques of Ryan & A Bernard ( 2003 ) .Chapter FOUR Consequence and ANALYSISmethods of analysis ( statistical or other appropriate methods, e.g. for qualitative research ) by which the information will be evaluated to run into the survey aims.Data analysis will be conducted utilizing thematic analysis, coding single responses for emergent subjects and issues. To help the procedure informations analysis package will be used ( e.g. NVivo 8 ) . Interview notes will be transcribed into direct accounts , a transcript of the transcript will be sent to the interview participant for respondent proof .Data analysis will get down on reception of the returned transcripts. Data analysis will be aided utilizing NVivo, this package can manage big sums of informations rapidly, and it helps the development of consistent coding strategies and provides individual location storage for all informations and stuff for the undertaking.Data will be analysed utilizing thematic analysis, informations within the interview transcripts will be given codifications, extra remarks and contemplations will be noted utilizing memos similar recurring phrases, subjects, experiences etc will be sought.From the forms generated from the informations a set of generalisations will so be developed these generalizations will be discussed and reported on in the concluding study. ( Adapted from Miles & A Huberman, 1994 9 )Chapter FIVE DiscussionDiscuss the of import points that emerge from the analysis of the consequences.RestrictionsRestrictions chiefly originate in the sample method, purposive sampling introduces bias nevertheless it is necessary to concentrate the survey on the coveted mark group. The sample will merely include those who responded to the invitation to take part and returned completed consent signifiers.Further restrictio ns arise in the blemish declared by the research worker, who has a peculiar professional involvement in e-Learning and its application to nurse CPD and possible Observer Effect this is when the perceiver s survey of the behavior changes the nature of the behavior, likewise this alteration can happen during interview. Robson ( 2002 ) indicates that addiction can cut down this consequence, placing how a individual becomes progressively old(prenominal) with the procedure of observation and hence less constrained.Chapter Six DecisionMentionsBahn D ( 2007 ) Orientation of nurses towards formal and informal acquisition Motivations and perceptual experiences. Nurse Education Today. 27 ( 7 ) , 723-730.Barker PJ ( 1991 ) Interview. In Cormack DFS ( Ed ) . The Research Process in Nursing ( 2nd edition ) . Oxford Blackwell Scientific Publications, 207-214.Bryman A ( 2004 ) Social research methods ( 2nd edition ) . Oxford Oxford University Press.CLU ( 2008 ) NHS Core Learning Unit. easy at hypertext direct communications communications protocol //www.corelearningunit.com/ ( accessed 17/11/09 ) .Connecting for Health ( 2008 ) Programmes for IT In your country. Available at hypertext take out protocol //www.connectingforhealth.nhs.uk/area ( accessed 17/11/09 ) .Creswell JW ( 2007 ) Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design Choosing Among Five Approaches ( 2nd edition ) Thousand Oaks, California Sage Publications Inc.Crofts L ( 2002 ) Geting Started. In Tarling M & A Crofts L ( Eds ) The indispensable research worker s enchiridion for nurses and wellness attention professionals ( 2nd edition ) . Edinburgh Bailliere Tindall, 1-18.Department of Health ( DH ) ( 1999 ) Continuing professional development Quality in the new NHS. Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/ dh/ en/documents/digitalasset/dh_4012012.pdf ( accessed 17/11/09 ) .DH ( 2001 ) Working together, larning together a model for womb-to-tomb acquisition for the NHS. Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/ dh/ en/documents/digitalasset/dh_4058896.pdf ( accessed 17/11/09 ) .DH ( 2005 ) The NHS Institute for Learning, Skills and Innovation The Way Forward. Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/ dh/ en/documents/digitalasset/dh_4107524.pdf ( accessed 17/11/09 ) .Economic and Social Research Council ( ESRC ) ( 2006 ) Research Ethics Framework ( REF ) . Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.esrcsocietytoday.ac.uk/ESRCInfoCentre/Images/ESRC_Re_Ethics_Frame_tcm6-11291.pdf ( accessed 17/11/09 ) .Farrell M ( 2006 ) Learning otherwise vitamin E larning in nurse instruction. Nursing Management, 13 ( 6 ) , 14-17Geertz C ( 1973 ) The reading of civilizations selected essays. New York Basic Books.Gill A ( 2007 ) E-Learning and professional development neer excessively old to larn. 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Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/programmes/distributedelearning/delaccfinalreport.pdf ( accessed 17/11/09 ) .JISC ( 2008 ) Effective Use of Virtual Learning Environments. Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.jiscinfonet.ac.uk/InfoKits/effective-use-of-VLEs ( accessed 17/11/09 ) .Miles MB & A Huberman AM ( 1994 ) Qualitative information Analysis An expanded sourcebook. ( 2nd edition ) . Thousand Oaks. California Sage Publications.National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence ( NICE ) ( 2008 ) NHS Evidence Health Information Resources. Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.library.nhs.uk ( accessed 17/11/09 ) .National Workforce Group ( 2005 ) Supporting Best Practice in e-Learning across the NHS. Preston Cumbria and Lancashire Strategic Health Authority.National Workforce Group & amp Department of Health ( 2006 ) Modernizing healthcare preparation e-learning in health care services. 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London Sage Publishers.Rivers S ( 2007 ) The larning journey, portion 4 who pays? Practice Nursing. 18 ( 11 ) , 560-563.Robson ( 2002 ) Real universe research a resource for societal scientists and practitioner-researchers ( 2nd edition ) . Oxford Blackwell.Ryan GW & A Bernard HR ( no day of the month ) Techniques to Identify Themes in Qualitative Data. Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.analytictech.com/mb870/Readings/ryan-bernard_techniques_to_identify_themes_in.htm ( accessed 17/11/09 ) .Ryan GW & A Bernard HR ( 2003 ) Techniques to Identify Themes. Field Methods. 15 ( 1 ) , 85-109.Sandars J ( 2003 ) e-learning the coming of age. Education for Primary Care. 14 ( 1 ) , 1-5.Sharpe R, Benfield G, Roberts G & A Francis R ( 2006 ) The undergraduate experience of blended e-learning a reappraisal of UK literature and pattern. 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Psychology & A Health. 11 ( 2 ) 261-271.AppendixsDefinitionsContinuing professional development ( CPD )A First Class Service ( DH 1999 5 ) defines CPD as a procedure of womb-to-tomb larning for all persons and squads which meets the demands of patients and delivers the wellness results and healthcare precedences of the NHS and which enables professionals to spread out and carry through their possible CPD should be focussed on the demands of patients and should assist persons and squads deliver the wellness results and healthcare precedences of the NHS, as set out in national service models and local wellness betterment programmes. CPD should be a partnership between the person and the administration its focal point should be the bringing of high quality NHS services every bit good as run intoing single calling aspirations and larning demands. All chances should be taken for patients and patients groups to hold an input ( DH 1999 6 ) .e-LearningJISC ( Joint Information Systems Committee ) ( no day of the month ) indicate that e-Learning can be defined as larning facilitated and supported through the usage of information and communications engineering . It can cover a spectrum of activities from the usage of engineering to back up larning as portion of a blended attack ( a combination of traditional and e-Learning attacks ) , to larning that is delivered wholly on-line .MentionsDepartment of Health ( 1999 ) Continuing Professional Development Quality in the new NHS. Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.dh.gov.uk/en/Pub licationsandstatistics/Lettersandcirculars/Healthservicecirculars/DH_4004315? IdcService=GET_FILE & A dID=27906 & A Rendition=Web ( accessed 01/06/08 )JISC ( no day of the month ) e-Learning. Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.jisc.ac.uk/whatwedo/themes/elearning.aspx ( accessed 01/06/08 )Useful Web sitesInterpretative Phenomenological Analysis ( IPA ) this website lineations IPA and its application to qualitative research hypertext transfer protocol //www.psyc.bbk.ac.uk/ipa/The NHS Core Learning Unit ( NHS CLU ) has delivered core larning programmes since October 2005 following the death of the NHS University ( NHSU ) . The Unit isahosted administration within the National Health Service. Programs are funded by the Strategic Health Authorities in England and are, as such, available free of extra charges, to NHS staff. hypertext transfer protocol //www.corelearningunit.com/Useful web sitehypertext transfer protocol //www.nesc.nhs.uk/e-learning__libraries/e-learning/s trategy, _policies__documenta.aspxThe NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement supports the NHS to transform health care for patients and the populace by quickly exploitation and distributing new ways of working, new engineering and first leading hypertext transfer protocol //www.institute.nhs.uk/The NHS and Social Care E-Learning Resources Database contains inside informations of e-Learning plans that have been developed and are available for usage within the wellness and attention sector hypertext transfer protocol //www.nhselearningdatabase.org.uk/ .Skills for Health was established in April 2002 with support from the DH, the independent and voluntary wellness sectors and staff administrations to go the Sector Skills Council ( SSC ) for wellness across the UK. Skills for Health takes a UK-wide lead for the development and usage of incorporate competence models across health care hypertext transfer protocol //www.skillsforhealth.org.uk/